Monday, 26 December 2016

Location Planning

As my partner and I are doing a trailer based on the 'ACTION' genre, it was especially important to us that we got a large variety of locations, as from our research this was a convention of this genre.

One of the first initial places we decided to film was at a car park at East Croydon. Our reasoning behind this location is that it is eerie and creates a sense of danger, just like some of the locations chosen in the film 'Taken'. This chosen location allowed us to record one of our best shots whereby, we see the protagonist say the most significant line "It's not what, its who".


Another chosen location was in the same located place as the previous. We felt that this location gave the impression of someone who wanted to stay desperately hidden, this dire setting, from previous research into other action films, showed that this is the sort of place characters go to when they are on the run. This location is where we see the protagonist who plays the character of 'Alex'.



Wednesday, 21 December 2016

Theories of Narrative

There are two Narrative in which I have researched. I wish to use these theories to create an interesting narrative for my trailer

TZVETAN TODOROV'S THEORY - he observed that most story lines followed the same pattern and these are the 5 steps:

EQUILIBRIUM - Everything is in order and harmony
DISRUPTION - During this part the order and harmony become disrupted by a problem
REALISATION - The characters begin to suspect that there is a problem; something is wrong
RESTORED ORDER - The characters attempt to conjure up a solution to the problem
NEW EQUILIBRIUM - This is the final part of the story where order is restored and evil is prevailed

This theory states that the narrative of films run in the same repetitive pattern of harmony, disruption resulting back to harmony. This theory is correct for most films and therefore, my film will follow this theory.
In my piece we are going to make sure that we have a peaceful equilibrium which will then lead into darkness that will portray a sense of foreboding.


This theory can somewhat be applied to my future work. This is because, as I am creating a trailer there will never be a resolution, this is because a trailer is a mode of advertisement, meaning that it is there to entice an audience into watching the film in the cinema in order for the company to make money. Therefore, my trailer will mainly show scenes that are in disruption as these sections are more exiting and engage an audience more.


VLADIMIR PROPPS THEORY - he observed fantasy films and developed a character theory, this was that all characters follow the same pattern:

                                                 THE SEVEN SPHERES OF ACTION!

THE VILLAIN - struggles against the hero
THE HERO - usually seeks something and ends up saving the day
THE DONOR - prepares the hero, gives them something which can help them in the narrative
THE DISPATCHER - gives the hero the information so they can begin their quest
THE HELPER - helps the hero on their quest
THE FALSE HERO - seems as though they are good but really they are bad
THE PRINCESS - gets saved by the hero and ends up marrying them


This theory states that the characters play an important role within the narrative to help move the plot along.

Within our trailer we have 5 out of the 7 different character types. This is because we are only creating a trailer and this theory devised by Propp is specifically for fantasy films. Therefore, because of the differing genres, but also because we are not creating a film this is why we do not have all the different character types.

Monday, 19 December 2016

Character and Actor profile

PROTAGONIST: Alex James

We are aiming to follow the ideal look of an ordinary mature adolescence girl. Since she is the protagonist, our targeted audience should be able to relate to her, from this they should find themselves more immersed and engaged within the trailer. This must also look physically capable: headstrong, independent and athletic, this is so that we can show that she is not easily afraid, however we also need her to have the qualities of vulnerability so the audience can feel sympathise with her in certain situations. Therefore, she must be able to show more than one side, a soft side but also a tough side. She should also have short hair so that we have a somewhat sophisticated look, for example like the protagonist in ‘Lucy’.

CHOSEN ACTRESS: Rebecca Maguire


GENDER: Female

AGE: 17

HAIR COLOUR: Blonde

EYE COLOUR: Green

HEIGHT: 5'5

RACE: White

We have chosen Rebecca because she fits the character description of Alex well. She is also a drama student, which helps because her acting skills are already advanced so we can rely on her to perform the role exactly the way we want her to. She also lives relatively close to our school so we know that she is easily accessible.



ANTAGONIST: John Ross

 The character of John Ross must look physically older, stronger and have a sense of an overbearing dominance compared to the other characters. He must have dark hair and eyes to make the character look tougher. His voice must be deep and boisterous so that his power is evident. His face must be stern so that our audience are able to develop a dislike towards him and so that they are able to identify his position of great (negative) influence; he must have a powerful gait.

CHOSEN ACTOR: Ravi Sivalingam

GENDER: Male

AGE: 18

HAIR COLOUR: Dark Brown

EYE COLOUR: Dark Brown

HEIGHT: 5'8

RACE: Asian

We have chosen Ravi because he also matches our character profile for John Ross accurately and we know he can achieve this role successfully because although he is only 18, he has a stern face, which makes him look serious. He is a friend of ours and would be available to film with us when we need him. 


CHARACTER: Leo David

The character of Leo David must have dark features, such as, dark hair and eyes to give a sense of mystery towards his role. He must have a solemn exterior to give the impression that he is strong and holds a dominance of his own. This exterior will also highlight or reinforce his role as a secret agent. This character should further carry an intellectual tone to his voice, he will carry himself in a neat and organised manner. These characteristics combined with his costume of a variety of suits will help communicate to the audience that he is working for a serious organisation.


CHOSEN ACTOR: Gying Lo

GENDER: Male

AGE: 18

HAIR COLOUR: Dark Brown

EYE COLOUR: Dark Brown

HEIGHT: 5'8

RACE: Asian

Gying was the obvious choice for us because he, like the rest of our cast, fits his character description perfectly. He has the appropriate look for the role and has studied drama in the past. We believe that he can execute the role of Leo David the best out of the people we were thinking of. We are good friends with him and he also lives quite close to us and is available to film during school times, so he is convenient and will be easy to work with. He also has a slender, athletic physique along with a very mysterious voice and look about him.



CHARACTER: Jessie Wright

We will be following a basic description of a teenage girl for the role of Jessie. She must be around the same height as Alex's character and she must also look like a young adult, so that the audience can relate to her character more. Since she is a villainous character the idea is that she will have a strong aspect to her, so she must look young, but very confident.

CHOSEN ACTRESS: Sophie Lehane

GENDER: Female

AGE: 18

HAIR COLOUR: Dark Brown

EYE COLOUR: Hazel

HEIGHT: 5'6

RACE: White

We have chosen Sophie for the character of Jessie Wright because she fits most of our description. She has a harsh undertone in her facial features which easily fits her for the role of being the ‘friend who betrays’. As well as this, she is our good friend and she lives very near to us as well so working with her won't be a problem. She is also very enthusiastic about film, so she will be very engaged in the trailer whilst filming, which is always good.



CHARACTER: Hayden Wheeler

Hayden's character is similar to John Ross. He must have some facial hair to highlight his masculinity. He is one of the 'bad' characters (he is working alongside John Ross) therefore, he must be able to look dangerous and threatening, this is because he does not have many lines in the script and we need the audience dislike him and have a sense of fear, just from this characters appearance. Hayden Wheeler should look physically strong and capable of destroying anyone that comes in his path. His voice must be deep to reinforce these qualities.

 CHOSEN ACTOR: Dwight Gibson

GENDER: Male

AGE: 17

HAIR COLOUR: Dark Brown

EYE COLOUR: Dark Brown

HEIGHT: 5'8

RACE: Black

We have chosen Dwight because he is an enthusiastic actor, who is currently studying the Performing Arts. He also fits the description of Hayden, specifically, his build. He is readily available to film during and after school. Dwight also wants to get more experiencing in acting and being in different media productions, so he will be motivated to accomplish his role.



CHARACTER: Dr. Jackson

This character must look mature in the face, (roughly 23-28) this is because they are playing the role of a scientist and some evidence of them studying for an extended period must be shown. They must be able to speak in sophisticated, intellectual manner to reinforce their high and extended education.

CHOSEN ACTRESS: Monique Jackson

GENDER: Female

AGE: 18

HAIR COLOUR: Dark Brown

EYE COLOUR: Dark Brown

HEIGHT: 5'6

RACE: Mixed Race

Monique will be performing this role because she is not only a part of the group, therefore she is easily accessible, but she also studies drama, therefore characterisation for her shouldn’t be difficult as she is a very capable actress. Although she is only 18, she has a mature style, and with some makeup we can make her look marginally older. She also knows this character (and all of the others) in detail and she understands a lot about the trailer because she helped create the idea and will help direct and edit.



CHARACTER: Rachel Adams

We will be following a basic description of a news reporter for this role. Therefore, they must be able to articulate and look presentable on camera; some key characteristics they must have are confidence and charisma.

CHOSEN ACTRESS: Freya Cattermole

GENDER: Female

AGE: 17

HAIR COLOUR: Brown

EYE COLOUR: Green

HEIGHT: 5'6

RACE: White

Similar to most of our cast, Freya is a drama student and she can get into different characters comfortably. She also fits our character description, as she has a loud and bold voice, and a lot of confidence. Additionally, she studies media as well so she will be able to film with us during lessons and she will be passionate about the production. Her skill in acting means that her performance in our trailer will be immaculate.

Monday, 5 December 2016

Saturday, 3 December 2016

Screenplay

Screenplay

FADE IN:

INT. SCIENCE LAB - DAY

DR. JACKSON, an experienced scientist for the SI5, is in the lab, experimenting on some blood.

DR. JACKSON
I’ve never seen anything like this before.

CUT TO:

INT. MEETING ROOM - DAY

A few important members of the SI5 are in a meeting room.

JOHN ROSS, head of the secret government group SI5, 40s, holds a picture of a girl up.

JOHN ROSS
 She's different.


INTERCUT - ALEX, a normal teenage girl, is with her friend JESSIE watching a video and then taking a selfie.

John Ross slams the picture of the girl on the meeting room table.

JOHN ROSS
We must find her.

CUT TO:

INT. ALEX'S HOUSE - DAY

Alex is laying in bed, watching a news broadcast about her.

NEWS REPORTER
This is a global broadcast announcement. A teenager names Alex James is wanted by the government for a classified investigation. A monetary of ten thousand pounds will be awarded.

CUT TO:

 INT. MEETING ROOM - DAY

John Ross is accompanied by his main assassin, HAYDEN WHEELER, an experienced killer working for the SI5, 30s. 

Jessie is sitting opposite the two.


JESSIE
I can help you find her.

CUT TO:

EXT. THE FOREST - DAY


LEO DAVID, a loyal member of the SI5, tracks down Alex and confronts her.

Leo grabs Alex and turns her around.


LEO


Alex, I need you to come with me.

ALEX
Who are you?

CUT TO:

INT. LEO'S OFFICE - DAY

Hayden confronts Leo about his betrayal to the SI5.

Hayden walks to Leo's desk and slams his fists on the table


HAYDEN (V.O.)


I know what you did.

INTERCUT. Alex running down some stairs behind an alleyway. Dr. Jackson inspecting Alex's blood. Leo banging on someone's door.

HAYDEN 
Pick your sides wisely.

CUT TO:


INT. HOSTAGE CLOSET - NIGHT

Hayden is handcuffing Alex.

LEO (V.O.)
It's not about her. It's her blood.


CUT TO:

EXT. ALLEYWAY - DAY

Hayden and Leo are fighting outside.


HAYDEN (V.O.)



Listen, Leo can't be trusted.

CUT TO:

EXT. ALLEYWAY - DAY

Alex and Leo share an intimate moment as their heads touch because they are reunited.

Monday, 7 November 2016

Production and Ident - Research

My partner and I decided on names for our production. 'Blue Arrow' and 'Purple Reel' were the two production names, and 'LCA Films' and 'Black Tape Films' were two names that we decided on for our ident. From this, we decided to ask our targeted audience which name they thought was best. From the vote, you can see that the decided production company name was 'Blue Arrow' and our ident name was 'Black Tape Films'. 


Sunday, 6 November 2016

Harry Potter - Film scored Analysis



This is one of the most famous pieces of score music, from the series 'Harry Potter'. This soundtrack is from 'Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone' known as 'Hedwig's Theme'. The soundtrack was composed by John Williams who scored the first three Harry Potter films. This soundtrack was featured in the prologue, until it was then used in the end credits.
This piece of music is well known for its pacy, rhythmic and magical sounding tune. Originally the score was created for Harry's pet snowy owl, named Hedwig. However the use of the scored music throughout the film captures the mystery of what the character, Harry would have felt like finding out that he belonged to a world full of magic, wizards and witches.

The film score is played mainly in an E minor key. Williams plays this tune in 6 bars, had there been a seventh the music would have been in the realm of the ordinary. Therefore, by substituting the F# with F, and the A with A#, Williams is able to create a chord which cannot be completely explained, just like a wizard's magic.

Although this scored music may not be present in the entire Harry Potter squeal there are a few that contain this music in either their trailer, throughout the film or during the end credits, for example: The Philosopher Stone, The Chamber of Secrets and The Goblet of Fire. These are just a few of the films in the sequel.

For our film trailer we have had to find a piece of music that has already been created, as we have neither the time nor the equipment to create our own. Although this saves us time, some time will obviously be spent researching and listening to different music to ensure that our chosen soundtrack fits well with our chosen genre and also, enhances the action on screen. Our soundtrack choice will be similar to this film score, a piece of music that is upbeat and engaging to an audience.

Friday, 4 November 2016

The History/Elements of Film Scores

The History of music in Films:

Before the 30's all film productions were silent. As the years progressed music was then added to films to make them more interesting and to heighten the experience for the audience who were engaging within the media product.

During the 50's when Jazz music was introduced the music score that was placed in films had changed. Because of this it was less expensive for musicians as an entire orchestra was no longer needed. This continued through to the 60's.
Current score writers such as John Williams still use these techniques.

Within the 80's and 90's it became possible for the first time for a single composer to produce an entire scored piece of music because they used a synthesizer to produce the many sounds of the instruments.


With todays technology, we are able to create film scores that contribute to the movies plot to enhance the film and make it more engaging. Additionally, the film scores that are added to different media products convey different emotions for the audience and enhance the genre, e.g, satirical, horror or fantasy.

Elements of Film Score:

TEMP TRACKS - A temp track is a film score which already exists and is used during film production during editing it acts as guidance for the mood or atmosphere.
Film score composers are sometimes asked to imitate a specific composer or style in their temp track. Some directors prefer temp scores so much that they decided to use the temp score instead and reject the original score written by the film composers.
STRUCTURE - Films have different themes depending on the type of character they are, the event or even the story line. Therefore the way the music is played varies, for example, scattered amongst identical music.
SCORE MUSIC - A majority of films have around 40 to 120 minutes of music in their production. However, some films have little or no music within their film, or others may have music running throughout.

Monday, 24 October 2016

Audience cinema Research

Age


People aged 15-24 had the highest proportion of admissions for cinema viewings in 2015. This means that we will try to aim our trailer at this age group as it means that our film would have a better chance at being viewed when it would come out at the cinema. As well as this 'comedies and action films appealed most to 15-24 year olds' with movies such as Godzilla and 22 Jump Street. This means that the genre that we have chosen fits this age group well and it will most likely attract their attention so they will be more likely to watch our film in cinemas. However, action films were the most popular genre among 25-34 year olds, with releases such as Edge of Tomorrow and Dracula Untold. This means that when creating our film trailer, we must be aware that teenagers/young adults are not the only age group that will be attracted to it. We may perhaps include older actors so that people aged 25-34 can also be drawn in by our film and relate to it so that they will be more inclined to watch it. 


The film that was most popular among 15-24 year olds was 22 Jump Street, which was a hybrid film including action, comedy, and crime. This is useful because it shows that action is a favoured genre among this age group. The film that was most popular among 25-34 year olds was The Wolf of Wall Street, which is not an action film. This shows that although action was the lead genre among this age group, they are still attracted to other genres. Therefore, we must make sure to make our film trailer unique and stand out so that our target audience would choose it over other genres.


Gender


Male viewers made up 53% of total cinema-goers in 2015, which means that since our film trailer will be aimed at males, we have a higher chance of our film being seen and favoured in cinemas. One of the most popular films viewed for males in 2015 was Fury. This is a primarily action film, which is evidence for the fact that males watch action films more than females, especially because the most viewed film for females was What We Did on Our Holiday, which is a comedy, drama film. Therefore there is a clear difference to what genres these two genders preference. This is the main reason why we will try our best to aim our film trailer to males by following the codes and conventions of action film trailers as best as we can. 




 Social group

Our target audience will mainly be included in the social group DE (Semi-skilled & unskilled manual occupations, Unemployed and lowest grade occupations) because they will most likely still be in education or be in basic jobs because of their ages. One of the most popular films among this category was Dracula Untold, which is another action genre film. This means that, again, we will aim our trailer to this social group because it will give us a better chance at attracting our target audience. However, there may also be a chance that some of our audience are in the C2 social group because we are trying to appeal to 25-34 year olds, who may have skilled jobs already.



Overall, this research tells us that our target audience should be males ages 15-34 in the DE social group because they are the viewers who favoured the action genre in cinemas in 2015 according to the BBFC. It also tells us that our trailer would be effective in cinemas because trailers are shown in cinemas alongside a film of a similar genre. This means that the audience watching the film will also find the trailers appealing. Therefore, our target audience would end up seeing our trailer in cinemas. However, we must also take into account that visiting the cinema is becoming less common, and the use of more illegal downloading and streaming is becoming more popular. Therefore, we are more likely to promote our trailer on social media platforms such as adverts and Youtube videos as well as in cinemas.


Sources:

http://www.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-audiences-2015-11.pdf
http://www.ukgeographics.co.uk/blog/social-grade-a-b-c1-c2-d-e

Sunday, 16 October 2016

The Shallows - Film Trailer Analysis



The film trailer I have chosen to analyse is 'The Shallows' which is due to release in the US on the 29th June, and in the UK on the 12th August, 2016.
The film is directed by Jaume Collet-Serra, the film stars Blake Lively (who is a bankable A-List star, who could be said to be the unique selling point of the film), Brett Cullen and Oscar Jaenada.
The film is a combination of genres, such as, Drama, Thriller and Horror, these genres are reinforced throughout the media product.

The establishing shot is an extreme long shot of an island framed from a high angle. The trailer introduces the audience to an island which could be described as 'paradise'. The camera pans over the island with the use of a crane, during this there is a build up of non-diegetic music which formulates into a crescendo, after which, the camera then flash cuts into a black screen. Around this point there are three flash cuts over a 9 second period this builds up tension as things begin to be developing rapidly. The sound of the music within the background enhances this tension because it sounds mysterious.
The three flash cuts show the show the surroundings, this allows the audience to be familiar with the setting and get an idea of the location. The location is a very beautiful one and gives the impression that it is a place where only good things can happen, but the non-diegetic music creates an undertone of something negative happen, it creates a sense of foreboding.

The master shot of the trailer is the protagonist (Blake Lively) preparing herself to enter the sea. We are aware that she is the protagonist because they are usually the people who are shown first within the sequence, this is for advertisement reasons, in order to attract potential audiences.
She has
During this sequence there is a non-diegetic, synchronous dialogue which says 'learning to be self reliant takes time and hard work'. This foreshadows the rest of the trailer..

As mentioned in my introduction, the different genres are reinforced, for example, the genre 'Horror' is reinforced through the practically desolate island.

The thriller genre is reinforced by the constant long shots of the ocean, (there are three shots of the ocean before the protagonist is shown entering the ocean). This highlights to the audience that the protagonist is entering the unknown, as the ocean is shown as a vast area compared to her, she is tiny, this then further reinforces this idea of a thriller, it makes the audience feel tense and anxious because they are unaware of what is going to happen to her.

The camera then cuts to a wide, long shot of the protagonist, she looks very athletic in the shot and and also appealing, this reinforces 'Laura Mulvey's, The Male Gaze' whereby women are portrayed as something nice to look at for males. At this point, for about 26 seconds, the different shots are shown in slow motion. In this shot, the protagonist is framed in a wide close up. The close up allows us to see how the character is feeling. She appears to be happy and looks optimistic as she believes that she is about to have an good surfing trip. The slow motion allows us to see this.

Upon 'Blake Lively' entering the ocean, the pace of the music builds up, which is typical of a thriller/horror film as it reflects that something negative is going to happen. After this a series of shots show the protagonist in the ocean, surfing. She appears to be at peace. However, the thriller genre is further highlighted and reinforced due to the pace of the trailer, it begins to slow down as the protagonist enters the ocean. The protagonist looks at a wave, observing it before finally deciding to ride it, this creates a sense of foreshadowing. This is because, in the next shot we are shown the protagonist riding the wave which makes the
nce the dark shiloutted figure of what is clearly a shark appears admits the large wave which the protagonist is surfing across, enigma is immediately created and the genre horror and thriller are both bought about. At this point there are roughly 7 flash cuts that change into differen images

 as we are shown the protagonist stranded, in the middle of the ocean by herself with only herself to rely on in order to survive.












At the end of the trailer, the music becomes more intense and amplified, however the editing is a lot slower as the transitions between the title and release date are slower. The Title 'The Shallows' Fades into the release date of the film (June 29th)

Saturday, 15 October 2016

Tracers - Trailer Analysis


AUDIENCE PROFILE

The target audience for action films are primarily male. This is because they generally tend to involve violence, which stereo typically attracts a male audience. As well as this, teenagers are also a main target because of the fact that action films include a lot of combat, which would thrill the audience and cause excitement for young people as they tend to enjoy adrenaline rushes.

Our audience will most likely be either in secondary school, sixth form, college, university, or work. This means that they may live very busy lifestyles and may not have time to go to the cinema regularly and may lack money to spend on such luxuries. When they do decide to go to the cinema they will most likely go with friends who will also interested in the film, perhaps in a small group. This means that although the main target audience of action films are male teenagers, we should make sure to appeal to both the male and female genders so that they are able to watch the film as a group.

We have created an ideal audience member based on our friend Luke. We believe he is best suited for our target audience member based on demographic segmentation, which I have explored on another post.

NAME: Luke
GENDER: Male
AGE: 17

SOCIAL: Middle class
RACE: White
EDUCATION: Smart, average to high grades in class



Our ideal audience member would most likely go to see the movie with a group of male friends around the same age. The movie would most likely be released during a school break (Christmas/Easter/Summer holidays) so that he would have free time to go and see the movie with his friends. He also enjoys action films e.g. Taken and Captain America, which include a lot of stunts, fighting scenes, and interesting locations. His favourite TV shows include 'Arrow' and 'The Flash', which are action based television shows. His hobbies include going to the gym, playing video games, and going out with friends.



Thursday, 13 October 2016

Lighting Mood Board

It was very difficult for me to find what the different lighting within an action film connotes, however, from my research my partner and I were able to form a lighting mood board. It shows the different types of lighting that both Sarah and I aim to create within our trailer. Our piece is very much 'Good vs Evil', which is where our lighting mood board comes into place. When we are shown our two main characters during the state of equilibrium, the lighting will be a lot, warmer and softer to create a serene  atmosphere. Having the difference in lighting will demonstrate 'Todorov's' theory and show the difference between the equilibrium and disruption. With the darker and harsher lighting, (which is shown below), this will highlight the disruption and create a contrast between scenes. However, my research also showed that this could be the other way around in other action films as there is not actually a set colour scheme, but a majority of my research showed the lighting to be this way around.

Within both mood boards you can see a clear pattern. In the first mood board, you can see that the lighting is either a natural yellow or a soft yellow colour. This indicates that the film in in a state of equilibrium, everything is calm. In addition, the second mood board is full of very deep colours, whereby, the lighting is either a cold blue or the background is black and the character is very shady looking. This type of lighting indicates that the narrative is in a state of disruption, full of problems.

The use of the blue and yellow lighting is known as either 'orange and teal' or 'teal and amber'

Furthermore, during our editing stages, we will be able to adjust the saturation and have any colour filters to then evoke different emotions from our audience members.



Sunday, 9 October 2016

Plot Ideas

Here are some ideas that we have come up with for our final plot. We will end up choosing one of these ideas, to which we will then expand on it.

Monday, 3 October 2016

BBFC Film Rating Analysis

The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) is a non-governmental organisation; it is responsible for censorship and classification of films in the UK. The company was established in 1912 by some members of the film industry who decided that they would manage their own censorship rather than giving the government the opportunity to. The BBFC began running on January 13th 1913. It was based on the cinematography act of 1909, this act required cinemas to have a licence to show films from the local authorities.                                                                                                                                       During the Second World War the BBFC were given full power to completely censor films. This is because during the war the cinema had become extremely popular and it was feared by the Government that cinema would become a way of propaganda as this happened in Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
Hollywood films weren't treated as strictly because the BBFC assumed that their audience would recognise American films as representing a different, foreign culture. From the 1950's onward the BBFC focused mostly on depictions of sex and violence than political expression.

These are the current film certificates:


 Image result for u certificate
UNIVERSAL - This means that the film is suitable for all age groups to watch.
The use of mild language may be used within a film rated 'U' such as 'damn' and 'hell', however, there is no overt focus on sexual behaviour, however the film may show characters cuddling and kissing, this may be seen as sexual references. U films tend to present positive messages as they are open to younger audiences.
 Image result for pg certificate
PARENTAL GUIDANCE - The film is suitable for general viewing, however, some scenes may be unsuitable for younger audience members. There may be mild bad language such as 'shit' or 'son of a bitch'. Occasionally, some films may be certificated 'PG' but the film has not be created with a young audience in mid. Violence and sexual behaviour are either not there or are very mild.

Image result for 12 a
12A - Films calssififed 12A are usually not suitable for audience members below the age of 12. A child under the age of 12 would not be able to see the film unless they are accompanied by an adult (IN THE CINEMA).
The BBFC state that strong language such as, 'f***' may be used in these 12A films depending on the context. Sex may be discretely portrayed within this certification and verbal sex references should not exceed what is suitable for young teenagers.
 Image result for 12 certificate
12 - This rating is the same as the 12A, however the rules apply for films outside of the cinema. This is because accompanied viewing cannot be enforced inside peoples homes.
 Image result for 15 certificate
15 - Only viewers who are 15 and over can view the film, viewers who are younger than 15 are not allowed to view the film as it is not suitable for them. At this certificated rating no themes are prohibited provided that the treatment is suitable for 15 year olds.
15 certificated films can include things such as, strong violence, drug taking, strong verbal references to sex and strong violence,

Image result for 18 certificate
 18 - This means that the film is not suitable for viewers under the age of 18, they are not allowed to view of purchase the film. Some issues involved in a film given the certificate 18 is: strong horror, extensive amounts of blood and gore, very strong violence, and strong portrayals of sexual activity.Themes at this rating are not prohibited as the target audience are adults and they have the ability to chose their own source of entertainment, as long as the content is not harmful or illegal. There is no limit on the use of strong language, violence or nudity. Drug taking within the film may be shown however, drug taking and misuse must not be promoted.


Image result for restricted 18 certificate
 RESTRICTED 18 - This is a legally restricted category, it is used for explicit sex works or strong fetish material involving adults. Only films with a special licence with this content may be shown in films. Video works may only be supplied to adults in sex shops if they have a licence. They cannot be supplied by mail order.

Our trailer will be certificated at a 15. This is because our trailer will contain some strong violence, which viewers younger would not be able to view, however on the BBFC certificate it certifies that strong violence is suitable for them.
Another reason as to why we have chosen this rating is because the other three ratings below the 15 are unsuitable, our film does not need parental guidance because they are old enough. Furthermore, the 'U' is meant for all audiences which we don't agree with as its a widespread audience who view this and children that are the age of 5, it would not be suitable for them.

Evaluation Question 4